লিস্ট, টাপল, ডিকশনারি ও সেট

models = ["gpt-5.5", "claude-opus-5-5", "gemini"]

print(models[0])            # প্রথম আইটেম
print(len(models))          # কয়টা আইটেম

models.append("llama")      # শেষে যোগ
models[2] = "gemini-pro"    # একটা আইটেম বদলানো
models.remove("llama")      # মান দিয়ে বাদ দেওয়া
print(models)

print("claude-opus-5-5" in models)
print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))
print(sum([10, 20, 30]), max([4, 9, 2]), min([4, 9, 2]))

gpt-5.5
3
['gpt-5.5', 'claude-opus-5-5', 'gemini-pro']
True
[1, 2, 3]
60 9 2

point = (23.81, 90.41)        # ঢাকার অক্ষাংশ, দ্রাঘিমাংশ
lat, lon = point              # আনপ্যাকিং
print(lat, lon)

point[0] = 0                  # টাপল বদলানো যায় না

23.81 90.41
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "main.py", line 5, in <module>
    point[0] = 0                  # টাপল বদলানো যায় না
    ~~~~~^^^
TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment

message = {"role": "user", "content": "What is a token?"}

print(message["role"])
print(message.get("name", "anonymous"))   # key না থাকলে একটা ডিফল্ট মান

message["content"] = "Explain tokens simply."
message["language"] = "en"                 # নতুন key যোগ
print(message)

for key, value in message.items():
    print(key, "->", value)

user
anonymous
{'role': 'user', 'content': 'Explain tokens simply.', 'language': 'en'}
role -> user
content -> Explain tokens simply.
language -> en

conversation = [
    {"role": "system", "content": "You are a helpful tutor."},
    {"role": "user", "content": "What is Python?"},
    {"role": "assistant", "content": "A popular programming language."},
]

print(len(conversation))
print(conversation[1]["content"])
print(conversation[-1]["role"])

3
What is Python?
assistant

words = "the cat and the dog and the bird".split()
unique = set(words)
print(len(words), len(unique))
print(sorted(unique))

seen_a = {"python", "numpy", "pandas"}
seen_b = {"pandas", "pytorch"}
print(seen_a & seen_b)    # দুটোতেই আছে
print(sorted(seen_a | seen_b))   # যেকোনো একটায়

8 5
['and', 'bird', 'cat', 'dog', 'the']
{'pandas'}
['numpy', 'pandas', 'python', 'pytorch']

a = [1, 2, 3]
b = a           # b হলো একই লিস্টের আরেকটা নাম
b.append(4)
print(a)

c = a.copy()    # আলাদা একটা কপি
c.append(5)
print(a, c)

[1, 2, 3, 4]
[1, 2, 3, 4] [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]